This project focuses on resistance surveillance for sustainable management of chewing and sucking pests. While the introduction of Bt cotton reduces dependence on insecticides for Helicoverpa armigera, prominent secondary pests (aphids, mites and mirids) must be targeted as over-reliance on important insecticidal classes, such for indoxacarb, has led to the emergence of insecticide resistance. Data collected in this project will guide tactical responses to protect key selective insecticides, with clear economic, environmental and social benefits.