Almost 20 years ago, the food and water borne pathogens and their potential environmental pathways within a piggery were identified to addresses the various challenges that were likely to occur via the re-use of piggery effluent as it occurs within Australian piggeries. These concerns are current today. Thus, both past Australian studies and the updated studies (presented as a literature review) provide a basis for addressing and managing some of these risks, in a factual and scientific manner to arrive at practical solutions.