The 3 rust diseases of wheat can cause untold damage. Savings due to control have been estimated at about $1.5 billion pa, about $1 billion of which comes from genetic resistance courtesy of integrated national rust pathogen monitoring and RD&E. Crucial to the development of new profitable wheat varieties that possess adequate resistance is greenhouse and field screening of breeding populations for rust response so that lines with acceptable levels of resistance can be identified and progressed through the breeding pipeline. This process is complicated by the different nature of resistance to the three wheat rust diseases, different rust pathogen epidemiologies, and rust pathogen variability which continues to change over time due to the emergence of new pathotypes. This project will improve screening methodologies to quickly, accurately and cost effectively identify susceptibility to current and emerging rust pathotypes in wheat germplasm.